氣力輸送裝置的結構特點有哪些？

What are the structural characteristics of pneumatic conveying device?

氣力輸送裝置的結構簡單，操作方便，可作水平的、垂直的或傾斜方向的輸送，在輸送過程中還可同時進行物料的加熱、冷卻、干燥和氣流分級等物理操作或某些化學操作。與機械輸送相比，此法*消耗較大，顆粒易受破損，設備也易受磨蝕。含水量多、有粘附性或在高速運動時易產生靜電的物料，不宜于氣力輸送。

The pneumatic conveying device has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation. It can be used for horizontal, vertical or inclined conveying. In the conveying process, it can also carry out physical operations or some chemical operations such as material heating, cooling, drying and air flow classification at the same time. Compared with mechanical conveying, this method * consumes a lot, the particles are easy to be damaged, and the equipment is also easy to be abraded. Materials with high water content, adhesion or easy to generate static electricity during high-speed movement are not suitable for pneumatic conveying.

在水平管道中進行稀相輸送時，氣速應較高，使顆粒分散懸浮于氣流中。氣速減小到某一臨界值時，顆粒將開始在管壁下部沉積。此臨界氣速稱為沉積速度。這是稀相水平輸送時氣速的下限。操作氣速低于此值時，管內出現沉積層，流道截面減少，在沉積層上方氣流仍按沉積速度運行。

When the dilute phase is transported in the horizontal pipeline, the gas velocity should be high to disperse and suspend the particles in the gas flow. When the gas velocity decreases to a certain critical value, the particles will begin to deposit in the lower part of the pipe wall. This critical gas velocity is called deposition velocity. This is the lower limit of gas velocity in dilute phase horizontal transportation. When the operating gas velocity is lower than this value, there is a deposition layer in the pipe, the cross-section of the channel decreases, and the air flow above the deposition layer still runs according to the deposition velocity.

在垂直管道中作向上氣力輸送，氣速較高時顆粒分散懸浮于氣流中。在顆粒輸送量恒定時,降低氣速,管道中固體含量隨之變高。當氣速降低到某一臨界值時，氣流已不能使密集的顆粒均勻分散,顆粒匯合成柱塞狀,出現騰涌現象(見流態化)，壓力降急劇升高。此臨界速度稱噎塞速度，這是稀相垂直向上輸送時氣速的下限。對于粒徑均勻的顆粒，沉積速度與噎塞速度大致相等。但對粒徑有一定分布的物料,沉積速度將是噎塞速度的2～6倍。

Upward pneumatic conveying is carried out in a vertical pipe. When the gas velocity is high, the particles are dispersed and suspended in the air flow. When the particle conveying volume is constant, reduce the gas velocity, and the solid content in the pipeline becomes higher. When the gas velocity decreases to a certain critical value, the air flow can no longer make the dense particles disperse evenly, the particles converge into a plunger shape, there is a surge phenomenon (see fluidization), and the pressure drop increases sharply. This critical speed is called choking speed, which is the lower limit of gas velocity when dilute phase is transported vertically upward. For particles with uniform particle size, the deposition velocity is roughly equal to the choking velocity. However, for materials with certain particle size distribution, the deposition rate will be 2 ~ 6 times that of choking.

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